🩺 HESI-Human Anatomy & Physiology Examination Module

Candidate Assessment Interface — 30 MCQs

Question 1 of 30

A man has a growth on his skin and a small sample needs to be removed and observed under a microscope. What procedure will be used?

• ☐ Endoscopy

• ☐ MRI

• ✅ Biopsy

• ☐ Thyroid Scan

Explanation:
A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the body and examined under a microscope. It is commonly used to diagnose cancers, infections, or abnormal growths by allowing pathologists to study the cells directly.

Question 2 of 30

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?

• ☐ Sodium ions are reabsorbed from urinary filtrate

• ☐ Potassium ions are secreted into urinary filtrate

• ✅ Water is reabsorbed from urinary filtrate

• ☐ Water is actively secreted into urinary filtrate

Explanation:
ADH increases the permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidneys, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. This helps conserve body water and produces more concentrated urine.

Question 3 of 30

Which stratum of the epidermis is found only in thick skin?

• ☐ Basal

• ✅ Lucidum

• ☐ Spinosum

• ☐ Corneum

Explanation:
The stratum lucidum is a thin transparent layer present only in thick skin such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It provides extra protection against friction.

Question 4 of 30

When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian, the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amounts of:

• ✅ Carrots and squash

• ☐ Blueberries and strawberries

• ☐ Canned soups and potato chips

• ☐ Spinach and mustard greens

Explanation:
Eating excessive amounts of foods rich in beta-carotene, such as carrots and squash, can lead to carotenemia, a harmless condition causing yellow-orange skin discoloration.

Question 27 of 135

Ribs are attached to the?

Humerus

Diaphragm

Thymus

✅ Sternum

Explanation: Most ribs attach anteriorly to the sternum through costal cartilage. This attachment protects thoracic organs and assists with breathing movements.

Question 28 of 135

The organ of Corti is located in the?

Eye

✅ Ear

Cheek

Nose

Explanation: The organ of Corti is found inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It contains sensory hair cells responsible for converting sound vibrations into nerve impulses for hearing.

Question 29 of 135

Hormones produced by the ovaries?

LH and Estrogen

Estrogen and Oxytocin

Testosterone and Estrogen

✅ Estrogen and Progesterone

Explanation: The ovaries primarily secrete estrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 30 of 135

Parts of the sternum?

Manubrium, Clavicle, Rib Cartilage

Mediastinum, Body, Xiphoid Process

Body, Manubrium, Clavicular Notch

✅ Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

Explanation: The sternum consists of three main parts: the manubrium (upper portion), body (middle section), and xiphoid process (inferior tip).

Question 31 of 135

Pituitary gland produces?

Insulin and glucagon

✅ Adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone

Thyroid hormone and calcitonin

Cortisol and aldosterone

Explanation: The pituitary gland secretes several important hormones including ACTH and growth hormone. These regulate metabolism, growth, and endocrine gland activity.

Question 32 of 135

What parts of the respiratory system are in the upper respiratory tract?

Trichocytes, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

✅ Nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Explanation: The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx. These structures warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air.

Question 33 of 135

Which of the following produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

Primordial follicle

Corpus spongiosum

Corpus albicans

Reading Comprehension

Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their
abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem.
Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the
country's main health problems, since it places a great
strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often
shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional
void. people often turn to food when they are bored or
lonely.
Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The
results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social
drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's
contribution to highway death, spousal and child
abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with
alcohol abuse.